In the nursing process, which phase involves determining patient problems based on data?

• A. Assess
• B. Plan
• C. Diagnose/Identify problems
• D. Implement

Answer: (C)

Determining patient problems based on data happens during the diagnosing/identify problems phase. After information is gathered in the assessment phase, the nurse analyzes the data, looks for patterns and clusters of signs and symptoms, and uses them to identify actual or potential problems. This step translates raw data into defined nursing diagnoses that guide the care plan. It’s distinct from assessment (data collection), planning (setting goals and deciding interventions), and implementing (carrying out those interventions). For example, when data show low oxygen, rapid respirations, and chest tightness, the nurse would identify an impaired gas exchange problem to address with appropriate interventions.